Oxidative stress is a component of many diseases, including atherosclerosis, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer disease and cancer. Although numerous small …

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (NRF2) is considered the
master regulator of the phase II antioxidant response. It controls a plethora of cytoprotective …

The endogenous metabolite itaconate has recently emerged as a regulator of macrophage
function, but its precise mechanism of action remains poorly understood,,. Here we show …

Metabolic reprogramming has become a key focus for both immunologists and cancer
biologists, with exciting advances providing new insights into the mechanisms underlying …

The role traditionally assigned to astrocytes in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS)
lesions has been the formation of the glial scar once inflammation has subsided. Astrocytes …

Despite the development of novel targeted drugs, the molecular heterogeneity of diffuse
large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) still poses a substantial therapeutic challenge. DLBCL can …

The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) is a series of chemical reactions used in aerobic
organisms to generate energy via the oxidation of acetylcoenzyme A (CoA) derived from …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a multifocal demyelinating disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) leading to the progressive destruction of the myelin sheath surrounding axons. It can …

Dimethyl fumarate (DMF)(BG-12, Tecfidera) is a fumaric acid ester (FAE) that was advanced
as a multiple sclerosis (MS) therapy largely for potential neuroprotection as it was …

The field of immunometabolism has demonstrated that metabolites can lead double lives as
immunomodulators. Itaconate is perhaps the best example of such a moonlighting molecule …