A number of challenges to the standard Λ CDM model have been emerging during the past
few years as the accuracy of cosmological observations improves. In this review we discuss …

The simplest ΛCDM model provides a good fit to a large span of cosmological data but
harbors large areas of phenomenology and ignorance. With the improvement of the number …

In the past few years, f (Q) theories have drawn a lot of research attention in replacing
Einstein's theory of gravity successfully. The current study examines the novel cosmological …

We review different dark energy cosmologies. In particular, we present the Λ CDM
cosmology, Little Rip and Pseudo-Rip universes, the phantom and quintessence …

In this paper, we focus on the parametrization of the effective equation of state (EoS)
parameter within the framework of f (Q) symmetric teleparallel gravity. Here, the gravitational …

Abstract Recent Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements released by DESI, when
combined with Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data from Planck and two different …

We review in detail a number of approaches that have been adopted to try and explain the
remarkable observation of our accelerating universe. In particular we discuss the arguments …

Dark energy cosmology is considered in a modified Gauss-Bonnet (GB) model of gravity
where an arbitrary function of the GB invariant, f (G), is added to the general relativity action …

The phenomenological parametrizations of dark-energy (DE) equations of state can be very
helpful, since they allow for the investigation of its cosmological behavior despite the fact …

We investigate the effects of viscosity terms depending on the Hubble parameter and its
derivatives in the dark energy equation of state. Such terms are possible if dark energy is a …