Natural rock is a very common building material, and its stability plays an important role in
the safety and durability of tunnels, rock slopes, and other projects. However, tunnels and …

This paper presents evacuation simulations of occupants' flow in a tunnel fire via a modified
cellular automaton model and puts forward corresponding optimized evacuation strategies …

Extreme rainfall events are increasingly common under the current trend of global warming.
This work investigates how a heavy rainfall on one exit affects the fire burning and the …

Tunnels are separated from the ground by structural linings, and are enclosed and
unfamiliar for occupants. In tunnel fires, occupants are faced with a dangerous environment …

Shield double‐layer lining structure is used to bear large internal water pressure in water
conveyance tunnel engineering, but the mechanism of joint stress of structure and force …

Abstract Evaluation of the temperature profile induced by tunnel fire is of great significance
for fire detection and structural damage assessment. In this work, a special plume model …

This paper establishes a model tunnel to investigate the impact of longitudinal velocity (u),
bifurcated shaft exhaust velocity (BSEV) and fire location on ceiling temperature and decay …

Among the parameters affecting the critical velocity in tunnel fires, the tunnel cross-sectional
shape could significantly affect the tunnel fire characteristics, mainly due to the wall …

Road tunnel fires can jeopardize the life safety of occupants and the structural integrity of the
tunnel. Such fires are usually characterized by the heat release rate (HRR) parameter. Most …

This paper explores the temperature distribution (TD) and maximum temperature (MT) below
the ceiling induced by the ceiling jet of an asymmetric dual fire sources in a naturally …