As the second most common age related neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's
disease, the health, social and economic impact resulting from Parkinson's disease will …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative
disorder mainly in middle‐elderly population, which represents diverse nonmotor symptoms …

Although genes, protein aggregates, environmental toxins, and other factors associated with
Parkinson's disease (PD) are widely distributed in the nervous system and affect many …

Olfactory dysfunction is an early 'pre-clinical'sign of Parkinson's disease (PD). The present
review is a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of such dysfunction in PD and …

Norepinephrine released by the locus coeruleus modulates cellular processes and synaptic
transmission in the central nervous system through its actions at a number of pre‐and …

Dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) are uniquely sensitive to
degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) and its models. Although a variety of molecular …

The locus coeruleus (LC), the major noradrenergic nucleus of the brain, gives rise to fibres
innervating most structures of the neuraxis. Recent advances in neuroscience have helped …

It is generally considered that Parkinson's disease is induced by specific agents that
degenerate a clearly defined population of dopaminergic neurons. Data commented in this …

Idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) represents a complex interaction between the inherent
vulnerability of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system, a possible genetic predisposition, and …

A deficiency in the noradrenergic system of the brain, originating largely from cells in the
locus coeruleus (LC), is theorized to play a critical role in the progression of a family of …