Specific effects of electrolytes have posed a challenge since the 1880's. The pioneering
work was that of Franz Hofmeister who studied specific salt induced protein precipitation …

Specific ion effects occur everywhere. They occur in bulk solutions and at interfaces
(air/water, oil/water, solid/water, macromolecule/water, etc.). They are even found in …

Water is a ubiquitous liquid substance in our world and has by all accounts striking
properties that set it aside from other liquids. A monumental collective set of volumes, edited …

The Hofmeister series, first noted in 1888, ranks the relative influence of ions on the physical
behavior of a wide variety of aqueous processes ranging from colloidal assembly to protein …

When Szent-Györgyi called water the “matrix of life”, 1 he was echoing an old sentiment.
Paracelsus in the 16th century said that “water was the matrix of the world and of all its …

There are still debates on whether the hydration of ions perturbs the water structure, and
what is the degree of such disturbance; therefore, the origin of the Hofmeister effect on …

Specific ion effects in aqueous polymer solutions have been under active investigation over
the past few decades. The current state-of-the-art research is primarily focused on the …

The study of the interactions of salts and osmolytes with macromolecules in aqueous
solution originated with experiments concerning protein precipitation more than 100 years …

A systematic study of the zeta potential and isoelectric point of biomolecules such as BSA,
amylase, invertase and phenylalanine has been performed in various salt solutions for …

The effect of ions on enzyme activity and stability usually follows the Hofmeister series (or
the kosmotropicity order): kosmotropic anions and chaotropic cations stabilize enzymes …