The interferon-regulatory factor (IRF) family of transcription factors was initially found to be
involved in the induction of genes that encode type I interferons. IRFs have now been shown …

The interferon regulatory factor (IRF) family, consisting of nine members in mammals, was
identified in the late 1980s in the context of research into the type I interferon system …

Cells use ubiquitin to mark proteins for proteasomal degradation. Although the proteasome
also eliminates proteins that are not ubiquitinated, how this occurs mechanistically is …

During chronic stimulation, CD8+ T cells acquire an exhausted phenotype characterized by
expression of inhibitory receptors, down-modulation of effector function, and metabolic …

Higher-or lower-affinity germinal center (GC) B cells are directed either to plasma cell or GC
recycling, respectively; however, how commitment to the plasma cell fate takes place is …

Abstract Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells in visceral adipose tissue (VAT-Treg cells) are
functionally specialized tissue-resident cells that prevent obesity-associated inflammation …

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a global cause of death.
Granuloma-associated lymphoid tissue (GrALT) correlates with protection during TB, but the …

The transcription factor IRF4 regulates immunoglobulin class switch recombination and
plasma cell differentiation. Its differing concentrations appear to regulate mutually …

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin's
lymphoma, is clinically heterogeneous: 40% of patients respond well to current therapy and …

Regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are required for peripheral tolerance. Evidence indicates that
Treg cells can adopt specialized differentiation programs in the periphery that are controlled …