Abstract Nitrogen (N), potassium (K), and phosphorus (P) are essential macronutrients for
plant growth and development, and their availability affects crop yield. Compared with N, the …

Modern agriculture relies on mineral fertilization. Unlike other major macronutrients,
potassium (K+) is not incorporated into organic matter but remains as soluble ion in the cell …

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important signal molecule in plants, having myriad
roles in plant development. In addition, NO also orchestrates both biotic and abiotic stress …

Stomata control the flow of gases between plants and the atmosphere. This review is
centered on stomatal responses to elevated CO2 concentration and considers other key …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous reactive oxygen species (ROS) that has evolved as a
signaling hormone in many physiological processes in animals. In plants it has been …

Nitric oxide in plants may originate endogenously or come from surrounding atmosphere
and soil. Interestingly, this gaseous free radical is far from having a constant level and varies …

Highlights•K+ channels and transporters are involved in diverse physiological
processes.•Plants can sense external K+ deficiency and generate low-K+ signals in plant …

Key message Plants respond to environmental challenges by producing reactive species
such as ROS and RNS, which play critical roles in signaling pathways that lead to …

Nitric oxide (NO) regulates plant growth, enhances nutrient uptake, and activates disease
and stress tolerance mechanisms in most plants, making NO a potential tool for use in …

Peptides encoded by small coding genes play an important role in plant development,
acting in a similar manner as phytohormones. Few hormone-like peptides, however, have …