Müller cells, the major type of glial cells in the retina, are responsible for the homeostatic and
metabolic support of retinal neurons. By mediating transcellular ion, water, and bicarbonate …

The light sensor of vertebrate scotopic (low-light) vision, rhodopsin, is a G-protein-coupled
receptor comprising a polypeptide chain with bound chromophore, 11-cis-retinal, that …

For decades, rods and cones were thought to be the only photoreceptors in the mammalian
retina. However, a population of atypical photoreceptive retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) …

As succinctly summarized by Wolf, 1 lack of vitamin A (all-trans-retinol) was recognized by
ancient Egyptians as causing a visual deficiency involving the retina and cornea that could …

Vertebrate vision critically depends on an 11-cis-retinoid renewal system known as the
visual cycle. At the heart of this metabolic pathway is an enzyme known as retinal pigment …

Life on earth is subject to alternating cycles of day and night imposed by the rotation of the
earth. Consequently, living things have evolved photodetective systems to synchronize their …

The photoreceptor/RPE complex must maintain a delicate balance between maximizing the
absorption of photons for vision and retinal image quality while simultaneously minimizing …

Cone photoreceptors mediate our daytime vision and function under bright and rapidly-
changing light conditions. As their visual pigment is destroyed in the process of …

In daylight, demand for visual chromophore (11-cis-retinal) exceeds supply by the classical
visual cycle. This shortfall is compensated, in part, by the retinal G-protein-coupled receptor …

Blindness, although not life threatening, is a debilitating disorder for which few, if any
treatments exist. Ocular gene therapies have the potential to profoundly improve the quality …