Mitochondria are highly integrated organelles that are crucial to cell adaptation and
mitigating adverse physiology. Recent studies demonstrate that fundamental signal …

Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (T.
hemsleyanum, Sanyeqing) has been used in the prevention and treatment of repetitive …

Background Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common respiratory
disease characterized by progressive airflow limitation and abnormal lung function due to …

Evidence suggests that the neuroprotective effects of melatonin involve both receptor‐
dependent and‐independent actions. However, little is known about the effects of melatonin …

Chronic neuroinflammation is of great importance in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's
disease (PD). During the process of neuroinflammation, overactivated microglia release …

Kidney fibrosis is considered to be the ultimate aggregation pathway of chronic kidney
disease (CKD), but its underlying mechanism remains elusive. Protein kinase C-delta (PKC …

Background It has been demonstrated that reactive astrocytes can be polarized into pro-
inflammatory A1 phenotype or anti-inflammatory A2 phenotype under neurotoxic and …

The leaves of Rhamnus erythroxylon Pall. are widely used as tea substitutes in northwest
China for their fragrant aroma, anti-irritability, and digestion-enhancing properties. Ombuin …

It has been recognized that serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2A) agonist 2, 5-dimethoxy-4-iodo-
amphetamine (DOI) impairs serotonergic homeostasis. However, the mechanism of DOI …

Aims We here investigated the effect of late-and post-ictal treatment with rottlerin, a
polyphenol compound isolated from Mallotus philippinensis, on delayed apoptotic neuronal …