Abstract Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), a stromal cell population with cell-of-origin,
phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, are the most essential components of the tumor …

Worldwide, lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related deaths. Molecular
targeted therapies and immunotherapies for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have …

Immunotherapies such as immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and adoptive cell therapy
(ACT) have revolutionized cancer treatment, especially in patients whose disease was …

Cancer immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the
treatment of advanced cancers. However, the tumor microenvironment (TME) functions as a …

Cancer immunotherapy is a validated and critically important approach for treating patients
with cancer. Given the vast research and clinical investigation efforts dedicated to advancing …

Background A phase 2 trial showed improved progression-free survival for atezolizumab
plus bevacizumab versus sunitinib in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who …

Anti-angiogenic therapy is an old method to fight cancer that aims to abolish the nutrient and
oxygen supply to the tumor cells through the decrease of the vascular network and the …

Background The cancer-cell–killing property of atezolizumab may be enhanced by the
blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor–mediated immunosuppression with …

Over the past 12 years, medical treatment for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has transitioned
from a nonspecific immune approach (in the cytokine era), to targeted therapy against …

Both immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and antiangiogenesis agents have changed the
landscape of cancer treatment in the modern era. While antiangiogenesis agents have …