Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) have pivotal roles in life processes. The studies showed
that aberrant PPIs are associated with various diseases, including cancer, infectious …

Therapeutic targeting of immune checkpoints has garnered significant attention in the area
of cancer immunotherapy, in which efforts have focused in particular on cytotoxic T …

Abstract Background The CD40–CD40L costimulatory pathway regulates adaptive and
innate immune responses and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple …

CD40 is a TNF receptor superfamily member expressed on both immune and non-immune
cells. Interactions between B cell-expressed CD40 and its binding partner, CD40L …

Monocytes express various receptors, which monitor and sense environmental changes.
Monocytes are highly plastic and heterogeneous, and change their functional phenotype in …

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are now established as targeted therapies for malignancies,
transplant rejection, autoimmune and infectious diseases, as well as a range of new …

Inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) are among the most successful protein-based
drugs (biologics) and have proven to be clinically efficacious at reducing inflammation …

Autoimmune diseases, with the exception of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune thyroiditis,
are individually rare, but together they affect approximately 5 percent of the population in …

Background Genetically engineered pigs could provide a source of kidneys for clinical
transplantation. The two longest kidney graft survivals reported to date have been 136 and …

Abstract Hearts from α1, 3-galactosyltransferase knockout pigs (GalT-KO, n= 8) were
transplanted heterotopically into baboons using an anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody–based …