Humans are diurnal primates with high visual acuity at the center of gaze. Although primates
share many similarities in the organization of their visual centers with other mammals, and …

Early color-matching studies established that normal human color vision is trichromatic.
Subsequent research revealed a causal link between trichromacy and the presence in the …

Throughout their lives animals must complete many tasks, including finding food, avoiding
predators, attracting mates, and navigating through a complex and dynamic environment …

Fish social behavior can be affected by artificial environments, particularly by factors that act
upon species that show aggressive behavior to set social rank hierarchy. Although …

Midas cichlid fish are a Central American species flock containing 13 described species that
has been dated to only a few thousand years old, a historical timescale infrequently …

Vision frequently mediates critical behaviours, and photoreceptors must respond to the light
available to accomplish these tasks. Most photoreceptors are thought to contain a single …

The impact of sex chromosomes and their turnover in speciation remains a subject of
ongoing debate in the field of evolutionary biology. Fishes are the largest group of …

Natural variation in environmental turbidity correlates with variation in the visual sensory
system of many fishes, suggesting that turbidity may act as a strong selective agent on visual …

Animals vary in their sensitivities to different wavelengths of light. Sensitivity differences can
have fitness implications in terms of animals' ability to forage, find mates, and avoid …

Sleep is widespread across the animal kingdom. However, most comparative sleep data
exist for terrestrial vertebrates, with much less known about sleep in amphibians, bony …