Membrane proteins play critical physiological roles in all organisms, from ion transport and
signal transduction to multidrug resistance. Elucidating their 3D structures is essential for …

Recombinant proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, are produced in mammalian cell
lines to introduce proper protein folding and post‐translational modifications, which are …

Infections by pathogens that contain DNA trigger the production of type-I interferons and
inflammatory cytokines through cyclic GMP–AMP synthase, which produces 2′ 3′-cyclic …

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are sensors for a wide range of cellular and
environmental signals, but elucidating how these channels respond to physical and …

Structural, biochemical and biophysical studies of eukaryotic membrane proteins are often
hampered by difficulties in overexpression of the candidate molecule. Baculovirus …

Abstract N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors are Hebbian-like coincidence detectors,
requiring binding of glycine and glutamate in combination with the relief of voltage …

Ion channel blockers, such as the ionic small molecules MK-801 and memantine—a drug
approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease—are able to attenuate the channel activity …

Abstract Antidepressants targeting Na+/Cl−-coupled neurotransmitter uptake define a key
therapeutic strategy to treat clinical depression and neuropathic pain. However, identifying …

Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a dimeric transmembrane adapter protein that
plays a key role in the human innate immune response to infection and has been …

Summary Interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-23 are heterodimeric cytokines that are produced by
antigen-presenting cells to regulate the activation and differentiation of lymphocytes, and …