Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized
by the death of dopaminergic neurons that project from the substantia nigra pars compacta …

Immune cells rely on cell-cell communication to specify and fine-tune their responses. They
express an extensive network of cell communication modes, including a vast repertoire of …

Both the discovery of biomarkers of schizophrenia and the verification of biological
hypotheses of schizophrenia are an essential part of the process of understanding the …

The interplay between the immune and nervous systems has been acknowledged in the
past, but only more recent studies have started to unravel the cellular and molecular players …

The cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAIP) has been proposed as a key mechanism
by which the brain, through the vagus nerve, modulates the immune system in the spleen …

Background & Aims Desmoplasia and poor vascularity cause severe metabolic stress in
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). Serotonin (5-HT) is a neuromodulator with …

Although an extensive body of literature confirmed γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) as mediator
within the enteric nervous system (ENS) controlling gastrointestinal (GI) function, the true …

Evolution has yielded multiple complex and complementary mechanisms to detect
environmental danger and protect tissues from damage. The nervous system rapidly …

The central nervous system interacts dynamically with the immune system to modulate
inflammation through humoral and neural pathways. Recently, in animal models of sepsis …

Dopamine (DA), a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), has modulatory
functions at the systemic level. The peripheral and central nervous systems have …