The ability to change initial decisions in the face of new or potentially conflicting information
is fundamental to adaptive behavior. From perceptual tasks to multiple-choice tests …

Objective. The purpose of this review is to discuss some principles from cognitive
psychology regarding the benefits of testing and translate those findings into practical …

Traditional item analyses such as classical test theory (CTT) use exam‐taker responses to
assessment items to approximate their difficulty and discrimination. The increased adoption …

Several concept inventories have been developed to elicit students' alternative conceptions
in chemistry. It is suggested that heuristic reasoning may bias students' answers in these …

The purpose of our study was to examine the issue of answer changing in relation to
students' abilities to monitor their behaviour accurately while responding to multiple-choice …

Multiple choice exams are ubiquitous, but advice on test-taking strategies varies and is not
always well informed by research. This study evaluated the question of whether students …

The term 'ideas‐informed society'describes democracies in which citizens believe in the
value of staying well‐informed and up‐to‐date with current affairs. They also put these …

Introduction Self‐monitoring of clinical‐decision‐making is essential for health care
professional practice. Using certainty in responses to assessment items could allow self …

Metacognitive monitoring is conceptualized as a situation-specific and context-dependent
process that helps learners to regulate their learning. The current study builds on the idea …

Studies show that learning is situated—or that learning in one context does not easily
transfer to a new context. Because business simulations are often used to provide a learning …