Background Patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) are questionnaires that collect
health outcomes directly from the people who experience them. This review critically …

Background Content validity is the most important measurement property of a patient-
reported outcome measure (PROM) and the most challenging to assess. Our aims were …

Background: To improve the quality of test translation and adaptation, and hence the
comparability of scores across cultures, the International Test Commission (ITC) proposed a …

The COSMIN Study Design checklist is recommended for designing studies to evaluate
measurement properties of existing patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). It can be …

Purpose Systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) differ from
reviews of interventions and diagnostic test accuracy studies and are complex. In fact …

Abstract Purpose The original COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health
Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist was developed to assess the methodological …

The number of published systematic reviews of studies of healthcare interventions has
increased rapidly and these are used extensively for clinical and policy decisions …

Abstract The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), and Pain Severity
subscale of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-PS) are the most frequently used instruments to …

Background: Although designed as a consumer product to help motivate individuals to be
physically active, Fitbit activity trackers are becoming increasingly popular as measurement …

Importance: Some of the symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, cough, and breathing difficulty.
However, the mechanism of the disease, including some of the symptoms such as the …