Systemic osmoregulation is a vital process whereby changes in plasma osmolality, detected
by osmoreceptors, modulate ingestive behaviour, sympathetic outflow and renal function to …

Alterations in water homeostasis can disturb cell size and function. Although most cells can
internally regulate cell volume in response to osmolar stress, neurons are particularly at risk …

Ions are ubiquitous biological regulators playing a key role for vital processes in animals
and plants. The combined detection of ion concentration and real-time monitoring of small …

Water intake is one of the most basic physiological responses and is essential to sustain life.
The perception of thirst has a critical role in controlling body fluid homeostasis and if …

Interest in spirituality and aging has increased recently, owing to overwhelming evidence of
positive health outcomes linked to spirituality and religious participation. Increasing …

TOPIC. This article differentiates between the concepts of spirituality and religion and
analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the research findings related to spirituality …

Serum sodium disorders are generally a marker of water balance in the body. Thus,
hypernatremia is most often caused by an overall deficit of total body water. Other unique …

Introduction Salt toxicity is a rare form of hypernatremia that typically occurs after a single
massive ingestion of salt over a short period of time (minutes/hours). It is a dangerous …

Existing models for predicting mortality based on traditional Cox proportional hazard
approach (CPH) often have low prediction accuracy. This paper aims to develop a clinical …

Kinnier Wilson coined the term metabolic encephalopathy to describe a clinical state of
global cerebral dysfunction induced by systemic stress that can vary in clinical presentation …