Plastid genes are transcribed by two types of RNA polymerase in angiosperms: the bacterial
type plastid-encoded RNA polymerase (PEP) and one (RPOTp in monocots) or two (RPOTp …

Derived by endosymbiosis from ancestral cyanobacteria, chloroplasts integrated seamlessly
into the biology of their host cell. That integration involved a massive transfer of genes to the …

Although genomes of mitochondria and plastids are very small compared to those of their
bacterial ancestors, the transcription machineries of these organelles are of surprising …

Since its endosymbiotic beginning, the chloroplast has become fully integrated into the
biology of the host eukaryotic cell. The exchange of genetic information from the chloroplast …

Chloroplast development is usually regarded as proceeding from proplastids. However,
direct or indirect conversion pathways have been described in the literature, the latter …

Retrograde signalling from plastids to the nucleus is necessary to regulate the organelle's
proteome during the establishment of photoautotrophy and fluctuating environmental …

Eubacterial‐type multi‐subunit plastid RNA polymerase (PEP) is responsible for the
principal transcription activity in chloroplasts. PEP is composed of plastid‐encoded core …

This chapter describes the components of the transcriptional apparatus in plastids (RNA
polymerases, promoters, transcription factors) and their roles in transcription. The …

Plastids are semiautonomous plant organelles exhibiting their own transcription–translation
systems that originated from a cyanobacteria‐related endosymbiotic prokaryote. As a …

Plastid gene expression is rather complex. Transcription is performed by three different RNA
polymerases, two of them are nucleus-encoded, monomeric, of the phage-type (named …