The pathophysiology of glaucoma is complex, multifactorial and not completely understood.
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and/or impaired retinal blood flow may cause initial optic …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multifactorial and increasingly prevalent degenerative disease that
affects the whole joint. The pathogenesis of OA is poorly understood and there is a lack of …

The low bioavailability and side effects of conventional drugs for eye disease necessitate the
development of efficient drug delivery systems. Accompanying the developments of …

The unprecedented growth in the number of older adults in our society is accompanied by
the exponential increase in the number of elderly people who will suffer cognitive decline …

Background The retina, as part of the central nervous system (CNS) with limited capacity for
self-reparation and regeneration in mammals, is under cumulative environmental stress due …

To save energy, the European directives from the Eco-design of Energy Using Products
(2005/32/CE) have recommended the replacement of incandescent lamps by more …

Melanin is a natural pigment that is widely distributed in many parts of the human body, such
as the skin and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in eyes. In contrast to skin melanin, which …

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface system whose chore
mechanisms are tear film instability, inflammation, tear hyperosmolarity and epithelial …

This review examines the role of oxidative stress in damage to cells of the trabecular
meshwork and associated impaired aqueous drainage as well as damage to retinal …

Extensive research during the past three decades has demonstrated the mechanisms by
which an imbalance in the redox status of prooxidant/antioxidant reactions in cells with …