Background CARs are simulated receptors containing an extracellular single-chain variable
fragment (scFv), a transmembrane domain, as well as an intracellular region of …

Background Immunotherapy has recently emerged as a treatment strategy which stimulates
the human immune system to kill tumor cells. Tumor immunotherapy is based on immune …

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a progressive new pillar in immune cell
therapy for cancer. It has yielded remarkable clinical responses in patients with B-cell …

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer (estimated 2.3 million new cases in
2020) and the leading cause of cancer death (estimated 685,000 deaths in 2020) in women …

Although tremendous advancements in cancer therapy over the last several years, cancer
still is a complex illness to cure. Traditional cancer treatments, including chemotherapy …

Traditional cancer treatments use nonspecific drugs and monoclonal antibodies to target
tumor cells. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy, however, leverages the immune …

The development of immunotherapy agents has revolutionized the field of oncology. The
only FDA-approved immunotherapeutic approach in breast cancer consists of immune …

Breast cancer rises as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in 2020. Among women,
breast cancer ranks first in both cancer incidence rate and mortality. Treatment resistance …

Genetically engineered T cells expressing a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) have rapidly
developed into a powerful and innovative therapeutic modality for cancer patients. However …

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known as the most intricate and hard-to-treat
subtype of breast cancer. TNBC cells do not express the well-known estrogen receptor …