In vertebrates, the conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin is an essential process that underlies
the establishment of the supporting protein framework required for coagulation. In …

Human schistosomes combat the unique immune systems of two vastly different hosts
during their indirect life cycles. In gastropod molluscs, they face a potent innate immune …

This review summarizes the research progress made over the past decade in the field of
gastropod immunity resulting from investigations of the interaction between the snail …

For many decades, invertebrate immunity was believed to be non-adaptive, poorly specific,
relying exclusively on sometimes multiple but germ-line encoded innate receptors and …

Aerolysins are virulence factors belonging to the β pore-forming toxin (β-PFT) superfamily
that are abundantly distributed in bacteria. More rarely, β-PFTs have been described in …

Mucins and mucin-like molecules are highly O-glycosylated proteins present on the cell
surface of mammals and other organisms. These glycoproteins are highly diverse in the …

Background Coral bleaching can be defined as the loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae and/or
their photosynthetic pigments from their cnidarian host. This major disturbance of reef …

This review reexamines the results obtained in recent decades regarding the compatibility
polymorphism between the snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, and the pathogen, Schistosoma …

Coevolutionary dynamics in host–parasite interactions potentially lead to an arms race that
results in compatibility polymorphism. The mechanisms underlying compatibility have …

A 70-mer-oligonucleotide-based microarray (1152 features) that emphasizes stress and
immune responses factors was constructed to study transcriptomic responses of the snail …