Abstract Calcium–calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is the most
abundant protein in excitatory synapses and is central to synaptic plasticity, learning and …

Voltage-gated calcium channels couple depolarization of the cell-surface membrane to entry
of calcium, which triggers secretion, contraction, neurotransmission, gene expression, and …

Ion channels play a central role in the regulation of nearly every cellular process. Dating
back to the classic 1952 Hodgkin–Huxley model of the generation of the action potential, ion …

Increased cardiac contractility during the fight-or-flight response is caused by β-adrenergic
augmentation of CaV1. 2 voltage-gated calcium channels,,–. However, this augmentation …

Each heartbeat is initiated by the action potential, an electrical signal that depolarizes the
plasma membrane and activates a cycle of calcium influx via voltage-gated calcium …

All movements are generated by the activation of motoneurons, and hence their input-output
properties define the final step in processing of all motor commands. A major challenge to …

Background Calcium ions are involved in several human cellular processes including
corticogenesis, transcription, and synaptogenesis. Nevertheless, the relationship between …

Experience-dependent learning and memory require multiple forms of plasticity at
hippocampal and cortical synapses that are regulated by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors …

Junctions between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the plasma membrane (PM) are
specialized membrane contacts ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Concentration of intracellular …

Hypercontractility of arterial myocytes and enhanced vascular tone during diabetes are, in
part, attributed to the effects of increased glucose (hyperglycemia) on L-type CaV1. 2 …