Microglia are macrophages that reside in the central nervous system (CNS) and belong to
the innate immune system. Moreover, they are crucially involved in CNS development …

Recently, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy has become an appreciated
therapeutic approach in the context of neurodegenerative disease therapy. Accordingly, a …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), the cells distributed in the stromas of the body, are known
for various properties including replication, the potential of various differentiations, the …

Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) play pivotal roles in myelin formation and
phagocytosis, communicating with neighboring cells and contributing to the integrity of the …

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the second largest type of stroke with high mortality and
morbidity. The vast majority of survivors suffer from serious neurological defects. Despite the …

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), with a crude worldwide incidence of around
7.9 per 100,000 person-years [1] and accounting for only 5% of all strokes, is a potentially …

A number of substances released by the brain under physiological and pathological
conditions exert effects on other organs. In turn, substances produced primarily by organs …

Stroke is the third most common disease all over the world, which is regarded as a hotspot in
medical research because of its high mortality and morbidity. Stroke, especially ischemic …

The exponential growth in the elderly population and their associated socioeconomic
burden have recently brought aging research into the spotlight. To integrate current …

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) remains a disease with high mortality and
morbidity. Since treating vasospasm has not inevitably led to an improvement in outcome …