Oestrogens and their receptors contribute broadly to physiology and diseases. In
premenopausal women, endogenous oestrogens protect against cardiovascular, metabolic …

The actions of estrogens and related estrogenic molecules are complex and multifaceted in
both sexes. A wide array of natural, synthetic, and therapeutic molecules target pathways …

The combination of obesity and hypertension is associated with high morbidity and mortality
because it leads to cardiovascular and kidney disease. Potential mechanisms linking …

Biological sex differences refer to differences between males and females caused by the sex
chromosome complement (that is, XY or XX), reproductive tissues (that is, the presence of …

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of normal physiology, aging and many
disease states. Although the nuclear estrogen receptors have classically been described to …

Estrogen can elicit pleiotropic cellular responses via a diversity of estrogen receptors (ERs)—
mediated genomic and rapid non-genomic mechanisms. Unlike the genomic responses …

Using cDNA cloning strategies commonly employed for G protein-coupled receptors
(GPCR), GPCR-30 (GPR30), was isolated from mammalian cells before knowledge of its …

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the most serious complications of both type 1
(T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Current guidelines recommend a personalized …

Epidemiological studies support the notion that arterial stiffness is an independent predictor
of adverse cardiovascular events contributing significantly to systolic hypertension, impaired …

Background Estrogen is formed by the enzyme aromatase (CYP19A1) and signals via three
identified receptors ERα (ESR1), ERß (ESR2), and the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor …