To analyze the negative effects caused by unbalanced traction loads, the key is to build an
efficient load model. This paper proposes a probabilistic traction load model in both …

Reliable operation of controlled electrical drives is one of the standard requirements set as a
part of tender conditions and they must be met when designing technological systems in …

Recently, the half-bridge (HB) and full-bridge (FB) sub-modules (SMs) based hybrid modular
multilevel converter (MMC) become a preferred topology for high voltage direct current …

In this paper, optimal reduction and redundancy methods for reliability system improvement
have been proposed. Multilevel redundancy allocation problem (MLRAP) based on hot and …

ABSTRACT DC Railway Traction Power Supply System (TPPS) has been and is still widely
used world over for train propulsion especially in the urban areas and inter-urban regions …