Sexual selection mediated by multimodal signals is common among polygynous species,
including seasonally breeding mammals. Indirect benefit models provide plausible …

Social relationships have physiological impacts. Here, we investigate whether loss of the
mother/offspring relationship has lasting effects on fecal glucocorticoid metabolite (fGCM) …

Prolonged maternal care is vital to the well-being of many long-lived mammals. 1 The
premature loss of maternal care, ie, orphaning, can reduce offspring survival even after …

We review studies of the social systems of the living elephants—the Asian elephant
(Elephas maximus), African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana), and African forest …

As animals age they exhibit a suite of phenotypic changes, often including reductions in
movement and 14 social behaviour (“behavioural ageing”). By altering an individual's …

Frequent social interactions, proximity to conspecifics, and group density are main drivers of
infections and parasite transmissions. However, recent theoretical and empirical studies …

Simple Summary Wildlife is an important source of infectious pathogens, including parasites.
Intestinal parasites are among the parasites associated with outbreaks of foodborne …

Infection by macroparasites, such as nematodes, varies within vertebrate host systems;
elevated infection is commonly observed in juveniles and males, and, for females, with …

As animals age they often exhibit substantial physiological and behavioural changes that
can drive changes in infection status over the lifespan. Generally, immunosenescence is …

Gastrointestinal parasites (GIPs) in elephants have been reported in several studies over the
last decades. Nonetheless, comprehensive data on clinicopathology of elephant GIPs …