Background The plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs) have a role in dynamic functions,
such as balance and propulsion, which are vital to walking. These muscles atrophy in older …

Background Weakness of the intrinsic foot muscles is thought to produce deformity, disability
and pain. Assessing intrinsic foot muscles in isolation is a challenge; however ultrasound …

Background Training the plantar intrinsic foot muscles (PIFMs) has the potential to benefit
patients with lower extremity musculoskeletal conditions as well as the aged population …

Background The size of the plantar intrinsic and extrinsic foot muscles has been shown to be
associated with toe flexor strength (TFS). Previous studies adopted the size of limited plantar …

Objective This study aimed to examine the effects of combining transcranial direct current
stimulation (tDCS) and foot core exercise (FCE) on the sensorimotor function of the foot (ie …

Background Quantifying the strength of the intrinsic foot muscles has been a challenge for
clinicians and researchers. The reliable measurement of this strength is important in order to …

This study investigated whether toe flexor strength and foot arch height were related to force
components during the ground contact phase in vertical jump performance. The toe flexor …

This study investigated the acute effects of fatiguing foot muscle exercises on the maximum
muscle strength of the foot and postural control ability. Eighteen healthy young individuals …

Background Impaired foot perfusion is a primary contributor to foot ulcer formation. There is
no existing device nor method that can be used to measure local foot perfusion during …

Background The human foot has adapted specifically to support body weight when standing
upright. At the base of the postural control system, the unique arch structure of the foot still …