While the processing of mRNA is essential for gene expression, recent findings have
highlighted that RNA processing is systematically altered in cancer. Mutations in RNA …

Altered gene expression is the primary molecular mechanism responsible for the
pathological processes of human diseases, including cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are …

Although pyroptosis is critical for macrophages against pathogen infection, its role and
mechanism in cancer cells remains unclear. PD-L1 has been detected in the nucleus, with …

Since their serendipitous discovery in nematodes, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as
key regulators of biological processes in animals. These small RNAs form complex networks …

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that inhibit the expression of target genes
by directly binding to their mRNAs. miRNAs are transcribed as precursor molecules, which …

The physiological function of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is to regulate
epithelial tissue development and homeostasis. In pathological settings, mostly in lung and …

Hypoxia is a remarkable trait of the tumor microenvironment (TME). When facing selective
pressure, tumor cells show various adaptive characteristics, such as changes in the …

In just over two decades since the discovery of the first microRNA (miRNA), the field of
miRNA biology has expanded considerably. Insights into the roles of miRNAs in …

Summary Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), a central regulator for detecting and adapting to
cellular oxygen levels, transcriptionally activates genes modulating oxygen homeostasis …

Extracellular interaction between programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) and programmed cell
death protein-1 (PD-1) leads to tumour-associated immune escape. Here we show that the …