The identity of specific cell types in the nervous system is defined by the expression of
neuron type–specific gene batteries. How the expression of such batteries is initiated during …

The application of immunohistochemistry to the diagnosis of thyroid lesions has increased
as new biomarkers have emerged. In this review, we discuss the biomarkers that are critical …

Studies in dopamine-depleted rats indicate that the external globus pallidus (GPe) contains
two main types of GABAergic projection cell; so-called “prototypic” and “arkypallidal” …

Transcriptional codes initiated during brain development are ultimately realized in adulthood
as distinct cell types performing specialized roles in behavior. Focusing on the mouse …

The extraordinarily thin alveolar type 1 (AT1) cell constitutes nearly the entire gas exchange
surface and allows passive diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. Despite such an …

Degeneration of basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (BFCNs) is associated with cognitive
impairments of Alzheimer's disease (AD), implying that BFCNs hold potentials in exploring …

The transcription factor NKX2-1 is best known for its role in the specification of subsets of
cortical, striatal, and pallidal neurons. We demonstrate through genetic fate mapping and …

The ability to precisely control transgene expression is essential for basic research and
clinical applications. Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are non-pathogenic and can be used …

Striatal cholinergic interneurons and basal forebrain cholinergic projection neurons, which
together comprise the forebrain cholinergic system, regulate attention, memory, reward …

Cholinergic basal forebrain (cBF) neurons are defined by their expression of the p75
neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) and tropomyosin-related kinase (Trk) neurotrophin …