The recent development of technologies for investigating specific components of intact
biological systems has allowed elucidation of the neural circuitry underlying adaptive and …

Epilepsy is one of the most chronic brain disorder recorded from since 2000 BC. Almost one-
third of epileptic patients experience seizures attack even with medicated treatment. The …

Electrical extracellular recordings, ie, recordings of the electrical potentials in the
extracellular medium between cells, have been a main work-horse in electrophysiology for …

Object Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with
advanced Parkinson disease (PD). The globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the subthalamic …

Neural degeneration and regeneration are important topics in neurological diseases. There
are limited options for therapeutic interventions in neurological diseases that provide …

Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of disabilities resulting from
cognitive and neurological deficits, as well as psychological disorders. Only recently …

The global prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing. Although pharmacotherapy
and bariatric surgeries can be useful adjuvants in the treatment of morbid obesity, they may …

Markers from local field potentials, neurochemicals, skin conductance, and hormone
concentrations have been proposed as a means of closing the loop in Deep Brain …

Avicenna used his medical knowledge and experience of scientists from different nations to
create a new style in medicine. For this reason, his textbook, Canon of Medicine, has been …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with progressive and
inexorable loss of dopaminergic cells in Substantia Nigra pars compacta (SNc). Although …