Childhood socio-economic status (SES), a measure of the availability of material and social
resources, is one of the strongest predictors of lifelong well-being. Here we review evidence …

Early life adversity (ELA) is a major risk factor for mental illness, but the neurobiological
mechanisms by which ELA increases the risk for future psychopathology are still poorly …

Adversity early in life is common and is a major risk factor for the onset of psychopathology.
Delineating the neurodevelopmental pathways by which early adversity affects mental …

Across species, caregivers exert a powerful influence on the neural and behavioral
development of offspring. Increasingly, both animal and human research has highlighted …

Highlights•Sensitive periods in humans are studied using methods developed in animal
models•Environmental deprivation is the predominant approach to studying sensitive …

The links between early life stress (ELS) and the emergence of psychopathology such as
increased anxiety and depression are now well established, although the specific …

The overarching objective is to review how early exposure to adversity interacts with
inflammation to alter brain maturation. Both adversity and inflammation are significant risk …

Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder with devastating personal, societal, and economic
consequences. In humans, early‐life adversity (ELA) such as trauma, neglect, and resource …

Stress-related psychiatric disorders including depression involve complex cellular and
molecular changes in the brain, and GABAergic signaling dysfunction is increasingly …

The interplay of genes and environments (GxE) is a fundamental source of variation in
behavioral and developmental outcomes. Although the role of developmental time (T) in the …