Opioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic relapsing disorder that, whilst initially driven by
activation of brain reward neurocircuits, increasingly engages anti-reward neurocircuits that …

Background Harm reduction and treatment programmes are essential for reducing harms for
people who inject drugs (PWID). We aimed to update estimates from a 2017 review of global …

Background Harm reduction services to people who use drugs (PWUD) in Russia are
insufficient in terms of quantity, government endorsement, and accessibility. The situation …

Background Opioid agonist treatment (OAT) reduces many of the harms associated with
opioid dependence. We use mathematical modelling to comprehensively evaluate the …

Recognize that every epidemic is unique, moving beyond the overly simplistic concentrated/
generalized epidemic paradigm that can misdirect resources. Guide HIV responses by …

Background HIV incidence is increasing in eastern Europe and central Asia, primarily driven
by injecting drug use. Coverage of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and opioid agonist therapy …

The opioid overdose crisis is driven by an intersecting set of social, structural, and economic
forces. Simulation models are a tool to help us understand and address thiscomplex …

UNAIDS has set an ambitious target for all countries to scale up testing and treatment so that
by 2020, 90% of people living with HIV will know their status, 90% of those diagnosed will be …

Background Stimulants, such as amphetamines and cocaine, are widely injected among
people who inject drugs (PWID). Systematic reviews indicate stimulant injection is …

Abstract Background and Aims The individual‐level effectiveness of opioid agonist treatment
(OAT) in reducing mortality is well established, but there is less evidence on population …