The spleen is the largest secondary lymphoid organ in the body and, as such, hosts a wide
range of immunologic functions alongside its roles in hematopoiesis and red blood cell …

Since the discovery of sickle cell disease (SCD) in 1910, enormous strides have been made
in the elucidation of the pathogenesis of its protean complications, which has inspired recent …

Cytosolic innate immune sensors are critical for host defense and form complexes, such as
inflammasomes and PANoptosomes, that induce inflammatory cell death. The sensor …

Delayed cerebral ischemia is a major predictor of poor outcomes in patients who suffer
subarachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment options are limited and often ineffective despite many …

Background Iron is essential for many types of biological processes. However, excessive
iron can be cytotoxic and can lead to many diseases. Since ferroptosis, which is an iron …

The choroid plexus (ChP) is the blood-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier and the primary
source of CSF. Acquired hydrocephalus, caused by brain infection or hemorrhage, lacks …

Iron is vital for many physiological functions, including energy production, and dysregulated
iron homeostasis underlies a number of pathologies. Ferroptosis is a recently recognized …

Metals are essential components in all forms of life required for the function of nearly half of
all enzymes and are critically involved in virtually all fundamental biological processes …

Platelets are chief cells in hemostasis. Apart from their hemostatic roles, platelets are major
inflammatory effector cells that can influence both innate and adaptive immune responses …

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) belong to the pattern recognition receptor (PRR) family, a key
component of the innate immune system. TLRs detect invading pathogens and initiate an …