The size of seeds affects not only evolutionary fitness but also grain yield of crops.
Understanding the mechanisms controlling seed size has become an important research …

Recognition of pathogen-derived molecules by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) is a
common feature of both animal and plant innate immune systems. In plants, PRR signalling …

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and Receptor-like proteins (RLPs) play crucial roles in plant
immunity, growth, and development. Plants deploy a large number of RLKs and RLPs as …

Plants solely rely on innate immunity of each individual cell to deal with a diversity of
microbes in the environment. Extracellular recognition of microbe‐and host damage …

Pathogen-or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs/MAMPs) are detected as
nonself by host pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and activate pattern-triggered immunity …

Allergic inflammation has crucial roles in allergic diseases such as asthma. It is therefore
important to understand why and how the immune system responds to allergens. Here we …

The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is an important signalling event
associated with every aspect of plant growth, development, yield, abiotic and biotic stress …

Highlights•MAPK cascades are conserved signaling modules downstream of cell surface
receptors.•Plant perception of endogenous and exogenous signals converges on MAPK …

UV-B light is a potential stress factor in plants, but how plants coordinate growth and UV-B
stress responses is not well understood. Here, we report that brassinosteroid (BR) signaling …

The Arabidopsis immune receptor FLS2 perceives bacterial flagellin epitope flg22 to activate
defenses through the central cytoplasmic kinase BIK1. The heterotrimeric G proteins …