Chemokines are a family of small, secreted cytokines which regulate a variety of cell
functions. The CXC motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) binds to CXC chemokine receptor …

Immunotherapy is a clinically validated treatment for many cancers to boost the immune
system against tumor growth and dissemination. Several strategies are used to harness …

Chemokines are a large family of small chemotactic cytokines that coordinates immune cell
trafficking. In cancer, they have a pivotal role in the migration pattern of immune cells into the …

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as highly promising cells for allogeneic cell
therapy, owing to their multipotent nature and ability to display potent and varied functions in …

Blockade of immune-checkpoint programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) or programmed
cell death ligand 1 can enhance effector T-cell responses. However, the lack of response in …

The chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) and 7 (CXCR7) are G-protein-coupled receptors
(GPCRs) activated through their shared ligand CXCL12 in multiple human cancers. They …

Abstract AMD3100 (plerixafor), a CXCR4 antagonist, has opened a variety of avenues for
potential therapeutic approaches in different refractory diseases. The CXCL12/CXCR4 axis …

Chemokines can induce chemotactic cell migration by interacting with G protein-coupled
receptors to play a significant regulatory role in the development of cancer. CXC chemokine …

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the local environment of tumor, composed of tumor cells
and blood vessels, extracellular matrix (ECM), immune cells, and metabolic and signaling …

Historically the chemokine receptor CXCR4 and its canonical ligand CXCL12 are
associated with the bone marrow niche and hematopoiesis. However, CXCL12 exhibits …