Introduction Vaccination is so far the most effective way of eradicating infections. Rapidly
emerging drug resistance against infectious diseases and chemotherapy-related toxicities in …

Vaccines activate suitable immune responses to fight against diseases but can possess
limitations such as compromised efficacy and immunogenic responses, poor stability, and …

Oral inhalation results in pulmonary drug targeting and thereby reduces systemic side
effects, making it the preferred means of drug delivery for the treatment of respiratory …

Vaccinology is one of the most important cornerstones in modern medicine, providing better
quality of life. The human immune system is composed of innate and adaptive immune …

Chronic respiratory diseases and infections are among the largest contributors to death
globally, many of which still have no cure, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder …

The global burden of respiratory diseases is very high and still on the rise, prompting the
need for accurate models for basic and translational research. Several model systems are …

Natural killer T (NKT) cells, a small population of T cells, are capable of influencing a wide
range of the immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells and macrophages. In the …

Ethnopharmacological relevance A wide variety of traditional herbal remedies have been
used throughout history for the treatment of symptoms related to acute respiratory infections …

Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are considered as two distinct
obstructive diseases. Both chronic diseases share a component of airway epithelial …

Background. The cross-talk between the external and internal environment in the respiratory
tract involves macrophage/dendritic cell (DC) transepithelial network. Epithelium triggers …