Earth's Van Allen radiation belts: From discovery to the Van Allen Probes era

W Li, MK Hudson - Journal of Geophysical Research: Space …, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
Discovery of the Earth's Van Allen radiation belts by instruments flown on Explorer 1 in 1958
was the first major discovery of the Space Age. The observation of distinct inner and outer …

Coronal mass ejections and their sheath regions in interplanetary space

E Kilpua, HEJ Koskinen, TI Pulkkinen - Living Reviews in Solar Physics, 2017 - Springer
Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) are large-scale heliospheric transients that
originate from the Sun. When an ICME is sufficiently faster than the preceding solar wind, a …

The challenge of machine learning in space weather: Nowcasting and forecasting

E Camporeale - Space weather, 2019 - Wiley Online Library
The numerous recent breakthroughs in machine learning make imperative to carefully
ponder how the scientific community can benefit from a technology that, although not …

Rapid local acceleration of relativistic radiation-belt electrons by magnetospheric chorus

RM Thorne, W Li, B Ni, Q Ma, J Bortnik, L Chen… - Nature, 2013 - nature.com
Recent analysis of satellite data obtained during the 9 October 2012 geomagnetic storm
identified the development of peaks in electron phase space density, which are compelling …

Measures of model performance based on the log accuracy ratio

SK Morley, TV Brito, DT Welling - Space Weather, 2018 - Wiley Online Library
Quantitative assessment of modeling and forecasting of continuous quantities uses a variety
of approaches. We review existing literature describing metrics for forecast accuracy and …

Science goals and overview of the radiation belt storm probes (RBSP) energetic particle, composition, and thermal plasma (ECT) suite on NASA's Van Allen probes …

HE Spence, GD Reeves, DN Baker, JB Blake… - Space Science …, 2013 - Springer
Abstract The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)-Energetic Particle, Composition, and
Thermal Plasma (ECT) suite contains an innovative complement of particle instruments to …

Source and seed populations for relativistic electrons: Their roles in radiation belt changes

AN Jaynes, DN Baker, HJ Singer… - Journal of …, 2015 - Wiley Online Library
Strong enhancements of outer Van Allen belt electrons have been shown to have a clear
dependence on solar wind speed and on the duration of southward interplanetary magnetic …

Particle dynamics in the Earth's radiation belts: Review of current research and open questions

JF Ripoll, SG Claudepierre… - Journal of …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
The past decade transformed our observational understanding of energetic particle
processes in near‐Earth space. An unprecedented suite of observational systems was in …

Space weather effects in the Earth's radiation belts

DN Baker, PJ Erickson, JF Fennell, JC Foster… - Space Science …, 2018 - Springer
The first major scientific discovery of the Space Age was that the Earth is enshrouded in
toroids, or belts, of very high-energy magnetically trapped charged particles. Early …

Geospace exploration project ERG

Y Miyoshi, I Shinohara, T Takashima, K Asamura… - Earth, Planets and …, 2018 - Springer
The Exploration of energization and Radiation in Geospace (ERG) project explores the
acceleration, transport, and loss of relativistic electrons in the radiation belts and the …