Multiple lines of evidence indicate that immune system dysfunction has a role in Parkinson
disease (PD); this evidence includes clinical and genetic associations between autoimmune …

The traditional fields of pharmacology and toxicology are beginning to consider the
substantial impact our gut microbiota has on host physiology. The microbiota-gut-brain axis …

Helicobacter pylori is the leading cause of peptic ulcer disease. The infection has been
implicated in more than 75% of duodenal ulcer cases and 17% of gastric ulcer cases. H …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an increasingly common neurodegenerative condition. The
disease has a significant negative impact on quality of life, but a personalized management …

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium that infects more than a half of world's
population. Although it is mainly related to the development of gastroduodenal diseases …

Levodopa is the gold standard for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD).
There are well documented motor and non‐motor fluctuations, however, that occur almost …

The neuropathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD) are the degeneration and
death of dopamine‐producing neurons in the ventral midbrain, the widespread …

Background Experimental observations have suggested a role of infection in the etiology of
neurodegenerative disease. In human studies, however, it is difficult to disentangle whether …

Helicobacter pylori, a gram-negative microaerophilic pathogen, causes several upper
gastrointestinal diseases, such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer …

Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram-negative flagellated microorganism that has been
extensively studied since its first isolation due to its widespread diffusion and association …