After binding to the specific neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor, the peptide substance P (SP),
which is widely distributed in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, induces …

Bone marrow (BM) metastasis of breast cancer (BC) can recur even decades after initial
diagnosis and treatment, implying the long-term survival of disseminated cancer cells in a …

In view of the importance of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in chemoresistance, metastasis and
recurrence, the biology of CSCs were explored in detail. Based on that, several modalities …

A tumor represents a complex structure containing malignant cells strictly coupled with a
large variety of surrounding cells constituting the tumor stroma (TS). In recent years, the …

It is now widely accepted that the development and progression of a tumor toward the
malignant phenotype is highly dependent on interactions between tumor cells and the tumor …

Despite the considerable advancements in oncology, cancer remains one of the leading
causes of death worldwide. Drug resistance mechanisms acquired by cancer cells and …

Recent advances in bone tissue engineering have shown promise for bone repair post
osteosarcoma excision. However, conflicting research on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) …

Breast cancer cells (BCCs) can remain quiescent for a long period, before detection and
during remission. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exert both protective and growth support …

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) participate in repair of damaged tissues, possess the
potential to serve as a useful tool in the drug discovery field and exert immunosuppressive …

Tumor microenvironment is an important factor, which sustains and promotes the tumors by
inflammatory signals. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is known as a multifunctional cytokine, which is a …