A group of European experts was commissioned to establish guidelines on the therapeutic
use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) from evidence published up until …

Parkinson disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disorder that affects as many
as 1–2% of persons aged 60 years and older. With the aging of the population, the …

The superior frontal gyrus (SFG) is located at the superior part of the prefrontal cortex and is
involved in a variety of functions, suggesting the existence of functional subregions …

Brain stimulation, a therapy increasingly used for neurological and psychiatric disease,
traditionally is divided into invasive approaches, such as deep brain stimulation (DBS), and …

Importance Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive
neuromodulation technique that has been closely examined as a possible treatment for …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), a non-invasive means of electrically stimulating
neurons in the human cerebral cortex, is able to modify neuronal activity locally and at …

There is evidence that motor and premotor cortex are hyperexcitable in obsessive–
compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS). We tested whether low-frequency …

The supplementary motor area (SMA) is thought to contribute to the generation of
anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs, which act to stabilize supporting body segments …

A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to quantify the efficacy of
transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the …

Objective: To assess the effects of focal motor cortex stimulation on motor performance and
cortical excitability in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods: Repetitive …