Background Chronic pain conditions impose significant burdens worldwide.
Pharmacological treatments like opioids have limitations. Non-invasive non …

The system physiology approaches that emerge in western countries in recent years echo
the holistic view of ancient Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) practices that deal with the …

Background Chronic pain, considered to be pain lasting more than three months, is a
common and often difficult to treat condition that can significantly impact upon function and …

Background Neuropathic pain, which is due to nerve disease or damage, represents a
significant burden on people and society. It can be particularly unpleasant and achieving …

Chronic low back pain, neck pain, hip and knee osteoarthritis, and fibromyalgia are the most
common types of chronic musculoskeletal pain. Because no individual therapy has …

Introduction Gender equity and gender medicine are opportunities not to be missed, and this
Expert Group Opinion Paper on pain in women aims to review the treatment of pain …

Objective Fibromyalgia (FM) is characterized by pain and fatigue, particularly during
physical activity. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) activates endogenous …

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-pharmacological intervention
used in the treatment of acute and chronic pain conditions. The first clinical studies on TENS …

Importance Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that results in a significant burden to
individuals and society. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of therapies for reducing …

Peripheral nerve injury is common and frequently occurs in extremity trauma patients. The
motor and sensory impairment caused by the injury will affect patients' daily life and social …