Establishing the first human presence on Mars will be the most technically challenging
undertaking yet in the exploration beyond our planet. The remoteness of Mars from Earth …

Bioregenerative life support systems (BLSS) are conceived of and developed so as to
provide food sources for crewed missions to the Moon or Mars. The in situ resource …

A committee of the Mars Exploration Program Analysis Group (MEPAG) has reviewed and
updated the description of Special Regions on Mars as places where terrestrial organisms …

The composition and physical properties of martian regolith are dramatically better
understood compared to just a decade ago, particularly through the use of X-ray diffraction …

A crewed mission to and from Mars may include an exciting array of enabling
biotechnologies that leverage inherent mass, power, and volume advantages over …

Serpentinization involves the hydrolysis and transformation of primary ferromagnesian
minerals such as olivine ((Mg, Fe) 2SiO4) and pyroxenes ((Mg, Fe) SiO3) to produce H2-rich …

Mars colonization demands technological advances to enable the return of humans to Earth.
Shipping the propellant and oxygen for a return journey is not viable. Considering the …

A main goal of human space exploration is to develop humanity into a multi-planet species
where civilization extends beyond planet Earth. Establishing a self-sustaining human …

Extravehicular activity (EVA) is one of the most dangerous activities of human space
exploration. To ensure astronaut safety and mission success, it is imperative to identify and …

During space missions, astronauts are faced with a variety of challenges that are unique to
spaceflight and that have been known to cause physiological changes in humans over a …