Importance Worldwide, the burden of heart failure has increased to an estimated 23 million
people, and approximately 50% of cases are HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) …

Prebiotics are a group of nutrients that are degraded by gut microbiota. Their relationship
with human overall health has been an area of increasing interest in recent years. They can …

Rationale: Maintaining iron homeostasis is essential for proper cardiac function. Both iron
deficiency and iron overload are associated with cardiomyopathy and heart failure via …

Resistant hypertension (RH) is defined as above-goal elevated blood pressure (BP) in a
patient despite the concurrent use of 3 antihypertensive drug classes, commonly including a …

Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability worldwide. Its
incidence is increasing because the population ages. In addition, more young people are …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well known for their role in mediating both physiological
and pathophysiological signal transduction. Enzymes and subcellular compartments that …

Surveys and registries are needed to verify that real-life daily practice is in keeping with what
is recommended in the guidelines, thus completing the loop between clinical research …

Importance Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. The prevalence of
AF increases with age, from less than 0.2% in adults younger than 55 years to about 10% in …

Importance Prior studies have demonstrated lower all-cause mortality in individuals who are
overweight compared with those with normal body mass index (BMI), but whether this may …

Heart failure (HF) is a global pandemic affecting at least 26 million people worldwide and is
increasing in prevalence. HF health expenditures are considerable and will increase …