Antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) have revolutionized the management of human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, significantly improved patient outcomes, and …

Little is known about the impact of pretreatment drug resistance (PDR) on the efficacy of
second generation integrase inhibitors. We sequenced pretreatment plasma specimens …

Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is continued to be a major public health
problem in low-income countries and more importantly in Africa. For the last decade, access …

The surveillance of drug resistance in the HIV-1 naïve population remains critical to
optimizing the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART), mainly in the era of integrase …

Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been scaled up in many developing
countries, including Ethiopia. However, subtype-dependent polymorphic differences might …

Objectives In low–middle-income countries, increasing levels of HIV drug resistance
(HIVDR) on second-line protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimens are a cause for concern …

Background Transition to dolutegravir-based regimens in resource-limited settings (RLS)
requires prior understanding of HIV-1 integrase variants and conserved regions. Therefore …

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is one of the most challenging infectious
diseases to treat on a global scale. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the …

The evolution of structural proteins is generally constrained by the folding stability. However,
little is known about the particular capacity of viral proteins to accommodate mutations that …

Background Prospective data on the effectiveness of resistance testing in informing
treatment decisions and outcomes in with first-line failure in these settings is limited. This …