Interaction of the T cell receptor (TCR) with an MHC-antigenic peptide complex results in
changes at the molecular and cellular levels in T cells. The outside environmental cues are …

Nestled at the tip of a branch of the kinome, protein kinase C (PKC) family members are
poised to transduce signals emanating from the cell surface. Cell membranes provide the …

Lipid composition determines organelle identity; however, whether the lipid composition of
the inner nuclear membrane (INM) domain of the ER contributes to its identity is not known …

There are thousands of lipid species existing in cells, which belong to eight different
categories. Lipids are the essential building blocks of cells. Recent studies have started to …

ABSTRACT Interferon stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is an ubiquitin-like protein whose
expression and conjugation to targets (ISGylation) is induced by infection, interferon (IFN)-α …

Diacylglycerol (DAG) has unique functions as a basic component of membranes, an
intermediate in lipid metabolism and a key element in lipid-mediated signaling. In …

Ca2+ signals control cell migration by regulating forward movement and cell adhesion.
However, it is not well understood how Ca2+-regulatory proteins and second messengers …

Signal transduction down the Ras/MAPK pathway, including that critical to T cell activation,
proliferation, and differentiation, has been generally considered to occur at the plasma …

T cell activation depends on extracellular ligation of the T cell receptor (TCR) by peptide–
MHC complexes in a synapse between the T cell and an antigen-presenting cell. The …

Ras GTPases are on/off switches regulating numerous cellular responses by signaling to
various effector molecules. In T lymphocytes, Ras can be activated by two Ras exchange …