Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are characterized by the production of autoreactive
lymphocytes, immune responses to self-antigens, and inflammation in related tissues and …

Despite major progress in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), strong unmet medical
need remains, as only a minor proportion of patients reach sustained clinical remission. New …

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the liver, interface
hepatitis (based on histologic examination), hypergammaglobulinemia, and production of …

T-cell costimulation and coinhibition generated by engagement of the B7 family and their
receptor CD28 family are of central importance in regulating the T-cell response, making …

Abstract Cytotoxic T-Lymphocye Antigen 4 (CTLA-4) or CD152 is an inhibitory molecule that
plays a critical role in maintenance of tolerance to self-antigens. CTLA-4 is structurally as …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting the joint
synovium. The normal synovium consists of a lining layer of fibroblast‐like synoviocytes …

Objective T-cells are central to the immune response responsible for native atherosclerosis.
The objective of this study is to investigate T-cell contribution to post-interventional …

V-domain Immunoglobulin Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA) is an inhibitory immune-
checkpoint molecule that suppresses CD4+ and CD8+ T cell activation when expressed on …

Advances in the current knowledge of pathogenetic mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis
have contributed to the development of biological therapy, and translated research findings …

The double and simultaneous molecular interaction between antigen-presentig cells (APC)
and T lymphocytes is essential for the optimal activation of the immunological response and …