Phototropins are blue-light receptors controlling a range of responses that serve to optimize
the photosynthetic efficiency of plants. These include phototropism, light-induced stomatal …

Protein kinases have very dynamic structures and their functionality strongly depends on
their dynamic state. Active kinases reveal a dynamic pattern with residues clustering into …

Proteins perform most cellular functions in macromolecular complexes. The same protein
often participates in different complexes to exhibit diverse functionality. Current ensemble …

Stimulus-secretion coupling is an essential process in secretory cells in which regulated
exocytosis occurs, including neuronal, neuroendocrine, endocrine, and exocrine cells. While …

In this article the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases are reviewed. The primary
focus is on the structure and function of this diverse family of enzymes, and the elegant …

Enzyme catalysis is an inherently dynamic process. Binding and release of ligands is often
accompanied by conformational changes, both subtle and dramatic (reviewed more …

Second messenger cAMP regulates many cellular functions through its effectors, such as
cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and Epac (exchange proteins directly activated by …

The effects of lead (Pb2+) on human health have been recognized since antiquity. However,
it was not until the 1970s that seminal epidemiological studies provided evidence on the …

After a meal, insulin suppresses lipolysis through the activation of its downstream kinase,
Akt, resulting in the inhibition of protein kinase A (PKA), the main positive effector of lipolysis …

Background—A genetic predisposition for progressive enlargement of thoracic aortic
aneurysms leading to type A dissection (TAAD) is inherited in an autosomal-dominant …