There is a growing interest in understanding tissue organization, homeostasis, and
inflammation. However, despite an abundance of data, the organizing principles of tissue …

The growing field of immunometabolism has taught us how metabolic cellular reactions and
processes not only provide a means to generate ATP and biosynthetic precursors, but are …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis
characterised by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The prevalence of COPD …

Tumors are dynamic pseudoorgans that contain numerous cell types interacting to create a
unique physiology. Within this network, the malignant cells encounter many challenges and …

Methotrexate has been used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) since the 1980s and to
this day is often the first line medication for RA treatment. In this review, we examine multiple …

Background Neuroinflammation‐induced secondary injury is an important cause of
sustained progression of spinal cord injury. Inflammatory programmed cell death pyroptosis …

Cellular stress or apoptosis triggers the release of ATP, ADP and other nucleotides into the
extracellular space. Extracellular nucleotides function as autocrine and paracrine signalling …

Adenosine is a ubiquitous endogenous modulator with the main function of maintaining
cellular and tissue homeostasis in pathological and stress conditions. It exerts its effect …

Virtually, all tumor cells as well as all immune cells express plasma membrane receptors for
extracellular nucleosides (adenosine) and nucleotides (ATP, ADP, UTP, UDP and sugar …

First isolated from Cannabis in 1940 by Roger Adams, the structure of CBD was not
completely elucidated until 1963. Subsequent studies resulted in the pronouncement that …