Neuroinflammation is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) and plays a
fundamental role in mediating the onset and progression of disease. Microglia, which …

Drug delivery to the posterior eye segment is an important challenge in ophthalmology,
because many diseases affect the retina and choroid leading to impaired vision or …

Purpose Geographic atrophy (GA), a late stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD),
is a major cause of blindness. Even while central visual acuity remains relatively well …

Increasing evidence supports a role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previously, we identified a neuron–glia signaling pathway …

Resident microglial cells can be regarded as the immunological watchdogs of the brain and
the retina. They are active sensors of their neuronal microenvironment and rapidly respond …

Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain and retina, are constantly engaged in the
surveillance of their surrounding neural tissue. During embryonic development they infiltrate …

Retinal degenerative diseases are major causes of vision loss and blindness worldwide and
are characterized by chronic and progressive neuronal loss. One common feature of retinal …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a common and devastating disease that can
result in severe visual dysfunction. Over the last decade, great progress has been made in …

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is an inherited retinopathy. Nevertheless, non-genetic biological
factors play a central role in its pathogenesis and progression, including inflammation …

Background Altered intestinal microbiota composition in later life is associated with
inflammaging, declining tissue function, and increased susceptibility to age-associated …