There is increasing interest among functional neurosurgeons in the potential for novel
therapies to impact upon diseases beyond movement disorders and pain. A target of …

Nearly 40 years of research on the function of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) has provided a
wealth of information on its contributions to behavior but has also yielded controversies and …

The mesocorticolimbic pathway is canonically known as the" reward pathway." Embedded
within the center of this circuit is the striatum, a massive and complex network hub that …

Abstract Missale, Cristina, S. Russel Nash, Susan W. Robinson, Mohamed Jaber, and Marc
G. Caron. Dopamine Receptors: From Structure to Function. Physiol. Rev. 78: 189–225 …

Many of the brain's reward systems converge on the nucleus accumbens, a region richly
innervated by excitatory, inhibitory, and modulatory afferents representing the circuitry …

Dopamine (DA) acts as a key neurotransmitter in the brain. Numerous studies have shown
its regulatory role for motor and limbic functions. However, in the early stages of Parkinson's …

This review updates the existing knowledge suggesting a role for the D3 receptor in
schizophrenia and drug addiction. The D3 receptor is expressed in brain regions controlling …

The amphetamine derivative (±)-3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is
a popular recreational drug among young people, particularly those involved in the dance …

Dopamine-and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein, Mr 32 kDa (DARPP-32), was identified
initially as a major target for dopamine and protein kinase A (PKA) in striatum. However …

The ventral striatum, which prominently includes the nucleus accumbens (Acb), is a
heterogeneous area. Within the Acb of rats, a peripherally located shell and a centrally …